Muharram-ul-haram

Importance & virtues 

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Al-Quran 

1

وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى:

اِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُوْرِ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِيْ كِتٰبِ اللّٰهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالْاَرْضَ مِنْهَآ اَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ۗذٰلِكَ الدِّيْنُ الْقَيِّمُ ەۙ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوْا فِيْهِنَّ اَنْفُسَكُمْ

Surely, the number of months according to Allah is twelve (as written) in the Book of Allah on the day He created the heavens and the Earth, of which there are Four Sacred Months. That is the right faith. So, do not wrong yourself therein

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ﴾ قَالَ: مُحَرَّمٌ، وَرَجَبٌ، وَذُو الْقَعْدَةِ، وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ.

فَلَ تَظْلِمُواْ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ
so wrong not yourselves therein,during these Sacred Months, for sin in them is worse than sin in other months.
Likewise, sins in the Sacred City are written multiplied,

وَمَن يُرِدْ فِيهِ بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ نُّذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
and whoever inclines to evil actions therein (in Makkah) or to do wrong, him We shall cause to taste from a painful torment. (22;25)

LikeWise

عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم

قَالَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِإِنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حَرَامٌ كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا فِي شَهْرِكُمْ هَذَا

أَلَا لِيُبَلِّغ الشَّاهِدُ مِنْكُمْ الْغَائِبَ

105 صحيح البخاري كتاب العلم باب ليبلغ العلم الشاهد الغائب

1679 صحيح مسلم كتاب القسامة والمحاربين والقصاص والديات باب تغليظ تحريم الدماء والأعراض والأموال

Abu Bakrah reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said in the farewell sermon, “Verily, your lives, your property, and your reputations have been made sacred to you, just as the sanctity of this day of yours, in this month of yours. Will not the witness inform the absent?”

Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 105, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1679

Grade:Muttafaqun Alayhi(authenticity agreed upon) according to Al-Bukhari and Muslim

2

وَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى:

يٰٓاَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تُحِلُّوْا شَعَاۤىِٕرَ اللّٰهِ وَلَا الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ

O you who believe, do not violate (the sanctity) of the Marks of Allah, nor of the sacred month,

وَقِيلَ: شَعَائِرُ اللَّهِ مَحَارِمُهُ [الَّتِي حَرَّمَهَا]^(٤٠) أَيْ: لَا تُحِلُّوا مَحَارِمَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَهَا تَعَالَى؛

: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ.

They ask you concerning fighting in the Sacred Month. Say, "Fighting therein is a great (transgression)." (2;217)

Ashura & Help 

***

1

فَلَمَّا تَرَاۤءَ الْجَمْعٰنِ قَالَ اَصْحٰبُ مُوْسٰٓى اِنَّا لَمُدْرَكُوْنَ ۚ (الشعراء:٦١)

And when the two companies saw one another, the companions of Moses said, "Indeed, we are to be overtaken!" (Ash-Shu'ara [26] : 61)

قَالَ كَلَّاۗ اِنَّ مَعِيَ رَبِّيْ سَيَهْدِيْنِ (الشعراء:٦٢)

He said, “Never! Indeed with me is my Lord. He will guide me.”

فَاَوْحَيْنَآ اِلٰى مُوْسٰٓى اَنِ اضْرِبْ بِّعَصَاكَ الْبَحْرَۗ فَانْفَلَقَ فَكَانَ كُلُّ فِرْقٍ كَالطَّوْدِ الْعَظِيْمِ ۚ (الشعراء:٦٣)

So We revealed to Mūsā saying, “Strike the sea with your staff.” So it was severed apart, and each part became like a big mountain.

Ibn Abbas said,"The sea divided into twelve paths, one for each of the tribes."

وَاَزْلَفْنَا ثَمَّ الْاٰخَرِيْنَ ۚ (الشعراء:٦٤)

Then We brought others close to that place.

وَاَنْجَيْنَا مُوْسٰى وَمَنْ مَّعَهٗٓ اَجْمَعِيْنَ ۚ (الشعراء:٦٥)

And We saved Mūsā and all those with him.

ثُمَّ اَغْرَقْنَا الْاٰخَرِيْنَ ۗ (الشعراء:٦٦)

Then we drowned the others.

2

اِلَّا تَنْصُرُوْهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ اِذْ اَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوْا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ اِذْ هُمَا فِى الْغَارِ

اِذْ يَقُوْلُ لِصَاحِبِهٖ لَا تَحْزَنْ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ مَعَنَاۚ

فَاَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ سَكِيْنَتَهٗ عَلَيْهِ وَاَيَّدَهٗ بِجُنُوْدٍ لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوا السُّفْلٰىۗ وَكَلِمَةُ اللّٰهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَاۗ وَاللّٰهُ عَزِيْزٌ حَكِيْمٌ (التوبة:٤٠)

If you do not help him, (it makes no difference to the Prophet, because) Allah has already helped him when the disbelievers expelled him, and he was the second of the two, when they were in the cave, and he was saying to his companion, “Do not grieve. Allah is surely with us.”So, Allah caused His tranquility to descend on him,and supported him with troops that you did not see, and rendered the word of the disbelievers humiliated. And the word of Allah is the uppermost. Allah is Mighty, Wise.

The Prophet kept reassuring him and strengthening his resolve, saying,

يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا ظَنُكَ بِاثْنَينِ اللهُ ثَالِثُهُمَا

O Abu Bakr! What do you think about two, with Allah as their third!

3

اِنْ يَّنْصُرْكُمُ اللّٰهُ فَلَا غَالِبَ لَكُمْ ۚ وَاِنْ يَّخْذُلْكُمْ فَمَنْ ذَا الَّذِيْ يَنْصُرُكُمْ مِّنْۢ بَعْدِهٖ ۗ وَعَلَى اللّٰهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُوْنَ

(آل عمران:١٦٠)

If Allah helps you, there is none to overcome you. And if He abandons you, then, who is there to help you after that? In Allah the believers should place their trust.

Al-Hadith 

1

its originate the Migration of Prophet pbuh

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ

‏"‏ الْمُسْلِمُ مَنْ سَلِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ لِسَانِهِ وَيَدِهِ، وَالْمُهَاجِرُ مَنْ هَجَرَ مَا نَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ‏"‏‏.‏

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "A Muslim is the one who avoids harming Muslims with his tongue and hands. And a Muhajir (emigrant) is the one who gives up (abandons) all what Allah has forbidden."

Sahih al-Bukhari 10

Likewise

.‏ قِيلَ فَأَىُّ الْهِجْرَةِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ ‏"‏ مَنْ هَجَرَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ‏"‏ ‏

It was said: "Which Hijrah (emigration) is best?" He said: "One who shuns (Hahara) that which Allah has forbidden."

." Sunan an-Nasa'i 2526

2

Fasting

عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ

لَئِنْ بَقِيتُ إِلَى قَابِلٍ لَأَصُومَنَّ التَّاسِعَ يعنى من الْمُحَرَّمِ

1134 صحيح مسلم كتاب الصيام باب أي يوم يصام في عاشوراء

Abdullah ibn Abbas reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “If I live until next year, I will certainly fast the ninth day of al-Muharram.”

Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1134

Grade:Sahih(authentic) according to Muslim

Ibn Hajar said, “The fast of Ashura has three levels: the lowest is to fast one day, the next is to fast the ninth day along with it, and the next is to fast the ninth, tenth, and eleventh days. Allah knows best.”

Source: Fatḥ al-Bārī 1896

Likewise

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ

أَفْضَلُ الصَّلاَةِ بَعْدَ الصَّلاَةِ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ الصَّلاَةُ فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ

وَأَفْضَلُ الصِّيَامِ بَعْدَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ صِيَامُ شَهْرِ اللَّهِ الْمُحَرَّمِ

صحيح مسلم كتاب الصيام أفضل الصيام بعد رمضان شهر الله المحرم 1163

Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “The best prayer after the prescribed prayers isaprayer offered in the middle of the night. The best fast after the month of Ramadan is fasting in the month of Allah, al-Muharram.”

Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1163

Grade:Sahih(authentic) according to Muslim

likewise

عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِصَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمُ الْعَاشِرِ يعنى من الْمُحَرَّمِ

قال الترمذي وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ صُومُوا التَّاسِعَ وَالْعَاشِرَ وَخَالِفُوا الْيَهُودَ

وَبِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ يَقُولُ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ

755 سنن الترمذي كتاب الصوم باب ما جاء عاشوراء أي يوم هو

755 المحدث الترمذي خلاصة حكم المحدث حسن صحيح في سنن الترمذي

Ibn Abbas reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered fasting on the day of Ashura, the tenth of al-Muharram.

Al-Tirmidhi said, “It is reported from Ibn Abbas that he said to fast on the ninth and tenth of the month and to do so differently from the Jews, and this tradition is the same as was said by Al-Shafi’i, Ahmad, and Ishaq.”

Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhī 755

Grade:Sahih(authentic) according to Al-Tirmidhi

likewise

Ashura & Help

عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ صِيَامًا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي تَصُومُونَهُ فَقَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ عَظِيمٌ أَنْجَى اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَقَوْمَهُ وَغَرَّقَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمَهُ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى شُكْرًا فَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ

فَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ

فَصَامَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ

2004 صحيح البخاري كتاب الصوم باب صيام يوم عاشوراء

1130 صحيح مسلم كتاب الصيام باب صوم يوم عاشوراء

Ibn Abbas reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, came to Medina and he found the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. The Prophet said, “What is this day you are fasting?” They said, “This is a great day in which Allah saved Moses and his people, and he drowned Pharaoh and his people. Moses fasted on it due to gratitude, so we also fast on it.” The Prophet said, “We are more worthy and closer to Moses than you.” The Prophet fasted the day of Ashura and he commanded fasting on it.

Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 2004, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1130

Grade:Muttafaqun Alayhi(authenticity agreed upon) according to Al-Bukhari and Muslim

likewise

عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ كُنْتُ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمًا فَقَالَ

يَا غُلَامُ إِنِّي أُعَلِّمُكَ كَلِمَاتٍ

احْفَظْ اللَّهَ يَحْفَظْكَ احْفَظْ اللَّهَ تَجِدْهُ تُجَاهَكَ

إِذَا سَأَلْتَ فَاسْأَلْ اللَّهَ وَإِذَا اسْتَعَنْتَ فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ

وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْأُمَّةَ لَوْ اجْتَمَعَتْ عَلَى أَنْ يَنْفَعُوكَ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يَنْفَعُوكَ إِلَّا بِشَيْءٍ قَدْ كَتَبَهُ اللَّهُ لَكَ وَلَوْ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَضُرُّوكَ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يَضُرُّوكَ إِلَّا بِشَيْءٍ قَدْ كَتَبَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ رُفِعَتْ الْأَقْلَامُ وَجَفَّتْ الصُّحُفُ

2516 سنن الترمذي كتاب صفة القيامة والرقائق والورع باب منه

4/284 المحدث الترمذي خلاصة حكم المحدث حسن صحيح في سنن الترمذي

Ibn Abbas reported: I was riding behind the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, when he said to me, “Young man, I will teach you some words. Be mindful of Allah and He will protect you. Be mindful of Allah and you will find Him before you. If you ask, ask from Allah. If you seek help, seek help from Allah. Know that if the nations gathered together to benefit you, they could not benefit you unless Allah has decreed it for you. And if the nations gathered together to harm you, they could not harm you unless Allah has decreed it for you. The pens have been lifted and the pages have dried.”

Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhī 2516

Grade:Sahih(authentic) according to Al-Tirmidhi

عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ فَقَالَ يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ الْمَاضِيَةَ وَالْبَاقِيَةَ

وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ الْمَاضِيَةَ

1162 صحيح مسلم كتاب الصيام باب استحباب صيام ثلاثة أيام من كل شهر وصوم يوم عرفة وعاشوراء والاثنين والخميس

Abu Qatadah reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was asked about fasting the day of Arafat and he said, “It willexpiate the sins of the previous and upcoming years.” Then, the Prophet was asked about fasting the day of Ashura and he said, “It will expiate the sins of the past year.”

Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1162

Grade:Sahih(authentic) according toMuslim

Dua for new year 

اللَّهُمَّ أَدْخِلْهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَالْإِيمَانِ، وَالسَّلَامَةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ، وَجِوَارٍ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ وَرِضْوَانٍ مِنَ الرَّحْمَنِ

“O Allah, bring this (year) upon us with security and faith, safety and Islam, protection from shaytaan and with Your Pleasure.”

[معجم الصحابة للبغوی]

Abdullah ibn Hisham (Radiyallahu ‘Anhu) reported that when they approached a new month or year, the Sahabah (Radiyallahu ‘Anhum) would learn the following Dua like they learnt the Qur’an:

• الجِوار:الأَمان

• (Mu’jamus Sahabah of Baghawi, & Al-Mu’jamul Awsat of Tabarani, Hadith: 6237)

  
  

  ‘Allamah Haythami (rahimahullah) has ruled the chain of Tabarani as sound(hasan).

  (Majma’uz Zawaid, vol. 10 pg. 139-140)

  Hafiz Ibn Hajar (rahimahullah) has graded the chain that was quoted by ‘Allamah Baghawi for this narration as authentic(sahih).

  (Al-Isabah, no. 5007)

  
  

  This du’a has also been reported by Sayyiduna ‘Abdullah ibnus Saib (radiyallahu ‘anhu) as the habit of the Sahabah.

  (At-Targhib of Isbahani, Hadith: 1291,

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